写一篇作文，题目二选一，时间45分钟。下面是我所知道的今年的笔试题目：

交大：

1、上海是否能够赶超香港成为金融中心?如果能的话，什么时候?为什么?

2、请谈一下2010年世博会在上海召开对上海的意义。

复旦：

1、中国GDP增长很快，常常成为报章头条，但是这些数据的可靠性如何?

2、中国的房地产业会继续繁荣吗?

上外：

1、人民币汇率的变动对中国经济的影响。

2、投资对于西部大开发的作用

个人意见：看清题意，千万不要写偏题。(听说上外好多人把第二个题目理解为政府支出，那就惨了。)尽量不要涂改，保持卷面整洁。时间感觉还是挺紧的，尽量多写，但是要有条理。

安永香港的笔试总共45分钟，一开始大概就耗去了二十分钟check in之类的。

题目是两篇email作文，第一篇50字，第二篇150-200字。

第一篇作文是：有一个慈善组织approach安永的人力资源部门寻求捐款，这个组织是服务问题儿童的。HR部门会来收集员工捐款。

这此背景下，写一个email，要包括三项： 1.这个慈善组织xxx

2.想从员工哪里得到什么帮助

3.好像是交代一下募捐方式，其实就是hr来收集。

第二篇作文是：公司的head office要搞carbon printfoot，然后in and out office的staff都要参加

写一个email，还是包括三项，不好意思，记忆有点模糊，大致是 1. 为什么要launch这个initiative

2. suggested methods(solution?)

3. recommendations of management

1月4日，人生第一次签OFFER，签的时候手抖得连日期都写错了……

2010，相对不幸的我终于在2011年伊始迎来了好运。其实想想真的是挺幸运的，大家都不去的论坛我去了，然后又莫名其妙的上台参加活动，然后表现一般的我就很幸运地被给予笔试的机会。

今天，幸运的成分依然笼罩着我，安永的笔试就是博思的题目。难度大概比托福低一点，比6级高一些。具体的体型分阅完型、阅读和听力。完型内容比较简单，从一段文字挖去一处，然后让你选择;接下来是相对较长的一段文字，有多处空格，让你选择;在接下来，空格不让你选择了，而是由你自己来填写空格内的内容(不知道这部分怎么来算标准答案的)。阅读总体量不大，基本上一道题对应一段，一般应试技巧足以应付，只是你要完全理解似乎不是很容易。听力部分每道题可以听两遍。上来先是很白痴的题目，选择4幅图中与问题相对应答案的那幅图，接下来是6级当中的short conversation，不过语速很快，和一般外国人对话的速度差不多，如果经常看美剧或者听力牛X的同学应该不在话下，只是他们的语言环境多与商业有关，很多时候不理解他们所表达的习惯地话，恐怕只有蒙了;在接下来的听力就是passage的内容了，个人觉得这个部分是听力最难的部分，由于语速快，语境相对陌生，很多时候觉得几个选项里的答案都是对的，不过有几道题我是完全听下来了，才发现细节才是区分正确选项与其他选项的关键。至于其他几题，只有蒙了=，=

笔试的时候竟然只有我一个人坐在一间房子里对着一台电脑，本来想偷偷地查个单词什么的，后来想想算了。JEFF在论坛的时候说的一个人最重要的是to be honest。所以还是老实地做吧，事实证明我的选择是正确的，因为85分钟的题目我做到第84分钟才完成……有惊无险。笔试前HR.SUE告诉我如果测试通过就可以签OFFER了，额……不是吧……题目主要是听力和阅读，内容大致和职场有关。不过对于我这种6级500多一点的人来说真心是一道坎……而且做的时候我还走神，会YY寒假生活了，不过好在我及时回神，才没让我浪费太多时间。不过做的时候还挺纠结的，阅读和听力都有不少不会的词。使劲蒙拼命蒙，终于的终于做完了。从环球金融中心48楼望下去，心中无限淡定，反正不过就不过了呗~

HR来告诉我我通过测试的时候，我简直不敢相信自己的耳朵?就这样通过了?额，好吧。想激动却激动不起来，怎么会这样，一个人拎着电脑包安静的走在世纪大道，安静的在麦当劳吃午饭，安静的乘地铁回学校。

第一部分：职业匹配度测试

40题，25分钟，等时间到了才可以翻下一单元，不可以回看题目，每题给出 4个描述，每组选最符合和最不符合的，比如接受新信息，激励他人实现目标，有创新意识，等等等，反正翻来覆去的出现，不同搭配，记得前后不要矛盾。

第二部分：推理题&中文阅读题

可以标记持怀疑态度的题(但建议不要标记太多，自己记在草稿纸上比较好)，全部完成可以回看回做之前的题

1、图形推理，主要有重叠、旋转、立体图展开为平面图等等，和 P&G差不多，难度适中

2、数字&数列(忘记具体数量了><)

如(1)老王和小李今年加起来 60岁;几年前，当老王的岁数是现在的小李的岁数时，他的岁数是当时小李岁数的 2倍，问老王现在几岁

(2)2，5，10，17，()，选项是 21，22，19，还有一个忘记了……

(3)A、B厂商为某公司提供材料，A提供每件产品单价为 30元外加 400元/每笔交易，B公司每件产品 10元没有额外加价，最后 A公司总报价比 B贵 8400元，问某公司一共需要多少件产品(具体数字记不太清楚咯，所以就凑了个是当时答案的数字，希望大家知道计算方法就好……)

(4)2、?、12、20、30，问号是 6 OR 8 OR 10 OR 23

(5)1236715*1236719-1236714*1236718=?

3、文字推理：

(1)ABC各说一句话，每句话对一半，A:B是公务员，C是银行家;B:A是公司职员，C是公务员;C:B是公司职员，A是银行家，问下列个人职业是什么(具体顺序不一定是这样…抱歉)

(2)一段文字描述一家公司的刷卡系统是联网的，被一个病毒入侵后会蔓延整个网络，公司作出微调后可以有效预防病毒的入侵，问一下句子哪句最贴近文章的意思。

4、中文阅读：读一篇描述校园生活的文章，然后问文章主旨，细节，以及句子填空，很简单的，都能很快在原文找到，细心点就 OK

第三部分：英文阅读

13题，25分钟，包括语法，近义词、图表和阅读理解，阅读理解每篇算一题，每一大题下有 5个小题，所以这部分其实不止13题

简单说下几篇阅读，(1)广告的作用--帮助公司宣传产品(2)人均 GDP与高中低收入国家，给出收入分层的定义，会问 XX国用几年从低收入变高收入，XX国在 XX年表现等(3)讲计算机系统的，个人感觉比较难理解，专业性较强，讲了 IEEE8032系统，DA，SDF，prental等分支，对每个分支提个小问题。

总体上时间还是够的，没有想象中恐怖，希望能对大家有帮助~~

突然接到电话要我去笔试，没有任何准备，本来想延期，HR说 miss掉这次只有下周去广州了，只得作罢，硬着头皮上。

因为工作原因，就一个晚上，根本没有时间看样题，就粗粗扫了下笔经～这里给同学们点建议：如果目标是外资银行 or四大这种肯定会有笔试，平常边投简历就应该边练习，多做做题当活跃大脑，不管什么类型的题。之前面 Citi MA，也是突然接到电话然后没有时间看样题。应该吸取经验的。

说回安永笔试，是 BULATS的题，应该叫机试，完全是在电脑做的，人生第一次。

几点感觉：

1.电脑做题，只能点 next，无法返回之前做的题目。

2.对于听力，优点就是可以慢慢读题，等心里有数了再按播放，两遍的听力题，两个播放按钮，所以比较自由控制。缺点就是不是 paper，无法做 notes什么的(考 IELTS的习惯)。尤其是一段对话要答 6个选择题，答题窗口巴掌大小(虽然 laptop有个 13寸左右的屏幕)，无法一次性显示 6个题目(每题 4个选项)，所以按了第一题，旁边就是2，3，4，5，6;按了第二题，旁边就是 1，3，4，5，6(只显示题干);放心的就是答题是按照顺序来的。

3.无法看时间，没拿手机，电脑上无法显示剩余时间，只有答题进度，不过没啥用，最后一个听力题，当时进度条还剩了大约 1/10，我又没看时间，担心答不完，匆忙听了一遍就按 next，结果显示我全部题答完，无语!

说说出现的题型吧，没有改错(临时看的笔经上有提到改错的)，完形填空大约 3，4题的样子，其中一题是你点了空白处会有 4个词给你选，另外 2～3题是完全自己填词。阅读理解的题有个几道，4道?5道?不好意思忘记了。其余就是单选题，挺多的，单选很简单。听力整体难度不大，就最后一个 rain forest比较晕，不排除我突然开始担心时间导致听力下降。

当场 HR告知结果，pass，等面试通知。60分 pass，我扫了一眼屏幕，居然有人84分!!!当然也有人 40分。

最后题外话，Citi MA的笔试，时间上比较紧张(当然数学很好的人不用担心)，安永笔试时间还是很充裕的(我做完等了 HR很久……)。Citi比较考反应能力，数字敏感度等，安永则完全考英文水平。Citi的 pass会给人很 high的感觉，毕竟题目要动脑的。

11月 13日，大连，上午 10点，考场的大妈很~~她不是安永的，大家放心，安永的两名工作人员还是蛮好的。废话不多说了，还是说点有关考试的内容吧。

听力 50分钟，阅读六十分钟，大家放心，时间足够，我平时做题就慢，但是时间也是很充裕的，题型和博思的一模一样，我个人觉得难度就是中级 BEC的水平，不难，但是听力有的只放一便，得认真听。我太长时间没学英语了，所以答得自我感觉不太好，希望今后笔试的同学能取得好成绩。

给大家留一点建议吧，多做博思和 BEC的题，考前下一下听力，毕竟是英音，得先适应一下，还有就是考试时一定要让自己完全集中在试卷上，别分心，做题第一感觉很重要，争取一气呵成。

以上只是我个人的一些体会，仅供大家参考，希望能对各位有所帮助。

就一个考场，和之前的 dtt和 kp壮观的场面比起来，这次是小排场，果然，考两部分 IQ和 Writing ，全英文的，其中写作居然要 80分钟，觉得真麻烦.还不如让我做选择题呢。发现之前上网看笔经真是明智，至少让我做第一题数列的时候得心应手， 0，-2，-9 ， -40 ，____.跟我昨天做的题目很类似，只要前面一个数乘上第几再加上第几就行了，从 2开始比如2=0*2+2,9=2*3+3,40=9*4+4.

所以最后答案是-40*5-5=-205

第二道是看图形做算术，很简单，答案是 10

第三道是勾股定理的好象答案是 20m。

第四道是看图形，看你空间想象能力了，看清楚要，特别是那些角度，直角啊钝角啊什么的。答案是 d

第五道是三个小姑娘逛街，共有多少忘了，花一样的钱，a剩 40元， b c分别剩15元，问 a开始有多少钱。答案忘了。只用了 5分钟不到就全做完了，真的很简单.什么勾股定理啊，都是小学里学的，感觉好亲切啊.

然后是第二部分的写作.

首先要你给你的上级写封商业回信，告诉他经理培训课程的近况，和自己对这个培训项目的看法.这个还可以，只要格式对就行了，开头写收件人很重要.然后是看一张数据图，说明一下情况，这张表反映了什么东西，和造成的原因什么的。是关于公司四个部门的人员分布情况，其中有管理，行政，生产，人事各个员工数量的变化，我对这个不是很擅长，觉得这个人员的变化应该和这个部门的主要职责有关吧，随着生产人员的增多，管理人员就减少，废话，管理者么当然要在上面作决策咯，干吗呆在下面啊，觉得写这篇的时候因为专业词汇不是很多，好象感觉不是很好.

接下来的选择题感觉挺简单的，比平时考试简单多了.

然后是改错，我就是找不出 5个错误，最后把单复数什么的弄出来了，觉得还有几个时态错误，感觉很奇怪的改错题.

最后是阅读，关于 global banking trends的，主要说现在的银行间的吞并，大银行越来越大什么的，后面有个解释 organic growth，我看了半天没解释出来，字面上是有机增长，可就是不清楚背后的含义，都怪平时这方面的知识太少了，以后要多看看经济报纸.

总的来说，这次笔试比前两次简单，没有弄很难很有时间压力的题目给我们，没有要求我们在一种紧张的状态下做，我还是抱着很轻松的心态做完的，做不出的就做不出，没有非要扣出来什么的.

好了，我的四大之旅到了今天算是一个休止符了，如果能有面试的机会最好，可以锻炼锻炼，没有的话也不要紧，看我心态多好。哈哈。

第一部分：IQ Test

1.11 24 51 106 ?

217

2.略

3.重点是区别a和c，因为这两个字母有点像。

4.一升水重1KG，问现有1KG的立方体边长为3M，则装纯水总共多重?

1*3*3*3*1000+1=27001

5.一本书等于587页加自身总页的一半，则这本书多少页?

X=587+X/2 X=1174

第二部分：写作

1.写一封信给SHALLY，包括以下几点内容：

一， ANNUAL DINNER的安排情况，细节。

二， 能不能促进员工间的COMMUNICATION?

三， 今年的EVENT和去年有什么不同?

Dear Shally，

I 'm glad to tell you the annual dinner impressed everyone greatly .XXX was invited as the preside of our annual activity and he's really humorous.At the annual dinner ，all young colleagues were in a same table ，at first ，we drunk beer，but a few minutes later ，the colleagues who come from north China felt it is better to use white wine instead of beer .

We then laughed and talked to each other and it's reslly a good way for communication，because after a year's hard working ，it's a great opportunity for us to relax ，to share the experience and to make our future plans.

The annual dinner this year is different from last year's –the delicious food ，red and white wine，we were singing and dancing together ，everyone is the super star that night，we don't need to wear formally like the working days and we all enjoyed the dinner very much.

Best wishes!

Sincerely yours，

2.上海，北京，广州三地的楼价，2004，2005，2006三年的增长率以图表的形式告诉大家。然后问：

一，what 's the factor?

二，2008你会不会在上海买房?

三，根据图表分析中国的real estate market.

As is shown in the chart ，the increasing rate of the three cities' house price remained high during the past 3 years，the factors for this are just as follows:

1. Local government have an willing to expand cities，national macro-control policies are not simply contain the rise in real estate price in the past.

2. Bank and other relevant financal institutions provide a great deal of loans to the real estate investors .The continued investment capital promoted the rise of the price.

3. The consumer does not want a real estate property prices go down ，or else their investment damaged.

Because of the above reasons I think I will not buy a house in Shanghai in 2008，although Chinese government has raised the captital threshold for investing in realestate market.

We can see from the chart ，in order to control the overheating real estate industry.the government carries out the macro-control measures and in this way the government can firmly hold the land and capitals in its hand.under the influences of the policies the real estate enterprises will extend to other industries to reduce the investment risks.

PS：单项选择和短文改错记不清了，但不难，大家不用紧张。

阅读理解

1.解释surplus(20words)

The amount of money received is greater than the amount of money spent.

2.price advantage(20words)

The advantage which is given by tarriffs to the price of similar locally produced goods.

3.exorbitance造句

Moderate exorbitance of education is good for our country.

4.国外两个要求人民币升值的理由.

(1)The RMB exchange rate is too low，it was proposed that it should be fixed at one US dollar to 4.2 yuan.

(2)China's foreign exchange reserves are too high，the trade surplus has increased quickly.

5.中国政府为何自己也要升值?

(1)The RMB exchange rate has not been changed for too many years since 1994.

(2)According to the theory of international economics ，RMB is undervalued.

安永笔试，是bulats的题，应该叫机试，完全是在电脑做的，人生第一次。

几点感觉：

1. 电脑做题，只能点next，无法返回之前做的题目。

2. 对于听力，优点就是可以慢慢读题，等心里有数了再按播放，两遍的听力题，两个播放按钮，所以比较自由控制。

缺点就是不是paper，无法做notes什么的(考ielts的习惯)。尤其是一段对话要答6个选择题，答题窗口巴掌大小(虽然laptop有个13寸左右的屏幕)，无法一次性显示6个题目(每题4个选项)，所以按了第一题，旁边就是2，3，4，5，6;按了第二题，旁边就是1，3，4，5，6(只显示题干);放心的就是答题是按照顺序来的。

3. 无法看时间，没拿手机，电脑上无法显示剩余时间，只有答题进度，不过没啥用，最后一个听力题，当时进度条还剩了大约1/10，我又没看时间，担心答不完，匆忙听了一遍就按next，结果显示我全部题答完，无语!

说说出现的题型吧，没有改错(临时看的笔经上有提到改错的)，完形填空大约3，4题的样子，其中一题是你点了空白处会有4个词给你选，另外2～3题是完全自己填词。阅读理解的题有个几道，4道?5道?不好意思忘记了。其余就是单选题，挺多的，单选很简单。听力整体难度不大，就最后一个rain forest比较晕，不排除我突然开始担心时间导致听力下降。

当场hr告知结果，pass，等面试通知。60分pass，我扫了一眼屏幕，居然有人84分!!!当然也有人40分。

最后题外话，citi ma的笔试，时间上比较紧张(当然数学很好的人不用担心)，安永笔试时间还是很充裕的(我做完等了hr很久……)。citi比较考反应能力，数字敏感度等，安永则完全考英文水平。citi的pass会给人很high的感觉，毕竟题目要动脑的。

(一)IQ test(10min)

1 数列 0，7，24，51，??

2 是关于广告费用问题，5cm*10cm的黑白10，000RBM，10*20的彩色8，000;问8*15的彩色要多少钱?

3 时针和分针相交了，问下一次相交是多久之后?

4 一本书500页有12章，每章之间有一页空白，一个人阅读速度每天十页，问多少天看完?

5 学生的编号，excellent学生9号，finest是6号，worst是5号，问一个amazing学生是几号?

Written test(75min)

1 .写一封信给你的manager，三个内容：

(1)，arrangement of a meeting

(2)，the reason of why you are late for the conference

(3)，report the process of your project.150-300words 35分

2. 写一个图表分析，两张图

一是京沪穗三地的工人，管理人员的平均工资柱线图;

一张是长江三角洲，珠江三角洲，京津地区的GDP贡献比例。150-200words 35分

3. 中国GDP增长很快，常常成为报章头条，但是这些statistics的可靠性如何?

(1).how reliable is statistics?

(2).will china's property boom continue?4.

4. 语法选择题 4选1 四级难度 10题共15分

5.阅读，关于中国的retail market的发展，200words左右，然后是几个叙述题，还有一题是造，3分一题，五题。

(总体感觉写作能力强的同学，永安笔试题要比kp的简单多了)

(二)逻辑题

1. 数列3，25，57，99。--

2. 四个空白圆圈44，两个空白圆圈加两个带点圆圈48，两个带点圆圈两个带点方框圆圈 50，问两个带点圆圈两个空白方框是多少?

3.5分钟打130个字，问2000字论文+45字email+450字报告，要在下午5点之前打完，最完几点几分开始工作?

4.现在是距离10点差几分，以便15分钟后是11点差50分?

5.Beijing是7000RMB，Londen是6000RMB，问Singapore是多少?

二 75分钟

1 给老板写信，说明三点：1，所有参加的会议的情况;

2，实行更加有弹性的工作时间;

3，提建议以便可以按时完成报告。(150-200words)

2 看一个图表，是关于北京，上海，广州，深圳四个地区诚实劳动力状况的(150-200)

3 语法题10个，个人感觉是偏向于金融专业词汇，但又不是非常术语的东西，建议大家平时多留心英文经济报道。

4 阅读回答问题，是关于成长基金的，主要是竞争力，外资引入等问题，不是很专业的阅读材料，有几个答案个人觉得比较类似。

(三)IQ test (10min)

1. 数列，数字大概是 43 55 77 109 ___

2. 类似第一题 结合图形推算的，不画图了

(tips：排出干扰图形，且不一定是像第一题那样按顺序下来)

3. 关于电话费的计算 告诉你每天打多久，每分钟多少钱，

每周在哪几天打，然后问二月的总费用。告诉你1号是周二，共28天

小学数学题 有点费时间

4. Europe 7 USA 12到达Europe的时间是当地时间17：00，飞往USA需要8个小时，问飞到一半的时候北京时间是几点?

5. beijing''s price7000，shanghai''s price8000， guangzhou''s price 9000

so WuXi's price=?

answer应该是 151 36 2880 4：00am 4000(参照某网友给出的答案:)

English writing and reading:

1. write a letter to your manager， including three things:

a. the sales forecast of the next month

b. the budget increase of cover training (maybe...)

c. a suggestion about the new accounting procedure

tips: 有字数限制，不过一般不会超...(just for myself)

2. write a report according to two diagrams，

about foreigh direct investment，

one of the two diagrams is about the number of the projects

(Joint Ventures，Cooperative， Wholly Owned， Shareholding)

the other is about the percentage change

3. 选择题，有些很简单，可以根据语法判断出选项，10个或者15个?没注意...

4. 读一段英文，about the investment on railway government control and balabala...

很短，然后根据文章解释一个词语，造句，以及其他几个小问题

无选项，要用英文写出答案

总结

安永的笔试题和往年的基本一样笔试形式基本一样，前面5道智力题后面2个作文，一个阅读，一些选择，就连智力题每年考的规律都是差不多的，所以大家可以仔细看看每年网上的考题，很有帮助，选择题很简单，就是一些金融和财务方面的专业词汇，但都是常见的。由于安永作文题有两道，所以对英文写作能力强的同学很有优势。

第一题

1.数列: 2.5， 7， 24， 100， ?

规律：当 n≥2时，第 n个数的值等于前一个数加 1乘以 n，

答案：505。

2.图形题:空心和实心搞清楚就好了。

3.路程问题:两人背对背走 24m，然后分别左转再走了 32m，然后问相距多少?

4.图形题:考你空间想象的。

5.付钱问题:小学应用题。

6.2 8 48 384求后面的数。

7.图形题，求数，有 2个圆形，有 2个三角组成，或实心或空心，代表的数字不同对比一下就知道空三角比实心的少 4，所以所求的图形代表。

8.两汽车反相行驶 12KM，后都右转 16 km求此时他们距离多少?

9.图形题给一个中间挖空一个 6角形的正方形，求四个选项中哪个是被挖空的那个图形，用线圈出来六角形是两个三角形合在一起的，一个三角略大一些，并且六角形的排列角度不一样，对比一下可知。

10. 3个人共 258，花了一样的钱，A还剩 22， B.C各剩 10，求 A开始有多少钱?

11.比较图，按第二幅、第一幅，第四幅的顺序看，可知圆圈里一次少一个点，一次加 2，所以 24。

12.两人背对走 3KM，分别左转再走 4KM，问此时相距多少?

13.勾股定理。

14.问哪个图能填进空里，只有 B和 D比较混淆，看看粗细就知道了。

15.三人一共 279元，三人花费一样多，甲剩下 30，乙、丙各剩下 15元，问甲一开始有多少?

16.一升水重 1KG，问现有 1KG的立方体边长为 3M，则装纯水总共多重?

17.一本书等于 587页加自身总页的一半，则这本书多少页?

18.是关于广告费用的问题，5cm*10cm的黑白 10，000rmb;10* 20的彩色 80，000; 5*20的黑白 20，000;问 8*15的彩色要多少钱。

19.时针和分针相交了，问下一次相交是多久之后。

20.一本书 500页有 12章，每章之间有一页空白，一个人阅读速度每天 10页，问多少天看完

21.学生的编号，excellent的学生是 9号，finest的是 6号，worst的是 5号，问一个 amazing的学生是几号?

第二题

Letter(比如：一封自荐信，表述自己的优势 )，部门现状，如何处理问题 (比如对training的看法)，E-MAIL记得落款。

邮件首先明确写邮件的对象、目的、格式。接下来，按照格式根据目的一条一条地阐述。最好是针对题目要求一段话解决一个问题。别添油加醋，掰些没有分量的话。并不是所有时候都是写得越多越好，结尾要有礼貌地结束。此外，字迹整洁很重要——第一印象决定了评委的心理预期。

李明:

1) Specialty: whether we could organize seminar for all the workers to study and discuss the new accounting rules.

2) Work efficiency: whether we could organize a course for keyboard shortcuts learning，meanwhile we can organize some relevant interesting contest， which not only could increase thecommunication among all the workers， but also could increase the work efficiency.

小明:

1) Professional skills: if it is possible to organize study and discussion of the NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARD.

2) Working efficiency: if it is possible to organize the study of shortcut key operation and corresponding funny games，thus，the communication between colleagues as well as the working efficiency will be improved.

周婷:

1) Professional skills: whether if u can organize team members together to learn and discuss the new accountant rules.

2) Work efficiency: whether if u can organize team members to learn the operation of keyboard shortcuts then set up a related interesting game， therefore it will not only enhance the communications between the colleagues but also improve their work efficiency.

第三题

China is now the number one of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) in the world. What measures should China improve to maintain the position in the future?

FDI(对外直接投资)是现代的资本国际化的主要形式之一，按照国际货币基金组织的定义

FDI是指：在投资人以外的国家所经营的企业拥有持续利益的一种投资，其目的在于对该企业的经营管理具有发言权。跨国公司是 FDI的主要形式。到 1999年为止，5.3万跨国公司约有 3.5万亿美圆资产。且跨国公司的投资主要是在发达国家之间，且基本上分布于日本，美国，欧盟三极之中。日本早前的 FDI主要投资于东南亚，80年代后，80%投资于美国，20%投资于欧洲。现在为中国的第三大外资来源国。从1997年亚洲金融危机以来，对外投资趋缓。关于国际直接投资(FDI)的本质，有的学者强调“经营资源”，尤其是企业的无形资产。例如，日本学者原正行(1992)认为，FDI是企业特殊经营资源在企业内部的国际转移;另一位日本学者小岛清(1987)认为，FDI是以经营管理上的技术性专门知识为核心。有的学者则强调“控制权”，例如 A.G.肯伍德和 A.L.洛赫德(1992)认为，FDI是指一国的某公司在另一国设立分支机构，或获得该国某企业的控制权。相关国际机构、政府部门与理论界，例如联合国跨国公司与投资司、国际货币基金组织、WTO、美国商务部等，认为国际直接投资与国际间接投资的根本区别在于是否获得被投资企业的控制权，因为 FDI所形成的无形资产处于核心地位，而货币资本则处于非常次要的地位，只能进行间接投资，所以，FDI不仅直接参与经营管理，而且其直接目标就是获得被投资企业的控制权。基于此，有学者认为，“FDI是指一国或地区企业通过垄断优势(主要表现为无形资产)的国际转移，获得部分或全部外国企业控制权，以实现最终目标和直接目标高度统一的长期投资行为。”

Overview of FDI in China

China’s absorption of foreign investment is an important content of China’s fundamental principle of opening up to the outside world， and also an important component of Deng Xiaoping Theory， and is one of the great practices of building up socialist economy with Chinese characteristics. The Third Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party in 1978 confirmed over again the ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts， and realized the historical transformation of key work for the entire Party. It also established the basic line of focusing on the central task of economic construction， and made up the great decision of reform and opening up to the outside world. The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures， was promulgated by the National People’s Congress in 1979， then the work of utilizing foreign capital as an important content of opening up to the outside world initiated as China’s fundamental principle. After twenty years of great efforts， the scale of absorbing foreign capital increasingly expanded as well as the level was increasingly upgraded when China’s law and managerial system on foreign investment have been gradually perfected. The achievements won the whole world’s attention， which effectively promoted the continuous， fast and healthy development of national economy.

I. The basic means of China’s absorption of foreign investments.

The foreign investments are basically divided into direct investment and other means of investment. The direct investment， which is widely adopted， includes Sino-foreign joint ventures，joint exploitation and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises， foreign-funded share-holding companies and joint development. The other means of investment includes compensation trade and processing and assembling.

1. Sino-foreign joint ventures

Sino-foreign joint ventures are also known as share-holding corporations. They are formed in China with joint capitals by foreign companies， enterprises， other economic organizations and individuals with Chinese companies， enterprises， other economic organizations and individuals. The main feature is that the joint parties invest together，operate together， take risk according to the ratio of their capitals and take responsibility of losses and profits. The capitals from different parties are translated into the ratios of capitals，and in general the capital from foreign party should not be lower than 25%.

The Sino-foreign joint ventures are among the first forms of China’s absorption of foreign direct investment and they account for the biggest part. At present they are still a great part in the absorption of foreign investments.

2. Cooperative businesses

Cooperative business is also called contractual cooperation businesses. They are formed inChina with joint capitals or terms of cooperation by foreign companies， enterprises， other economic organizations and individuals with Chinese companies， enterprises， other economic organizations and individuals. The rights and obligations of different parties are embedded in the contract. To establish a cooperative business， the foreign party， generally speaking， supplies all or most of the capital while Chinese party supplies land， factory buildings， and useful facilities， and also some supply a certain amount of capital， too.

3. Exclusively foreign-owned enterprises

Exclusively foreign-owned enterprises， which are totally invested by foreign party in China by foreign companies， enterprises， other economic organizations and individuals in accordance with laws of China. According to the law of foreign-funded enterprises， the establishment of foreign enterprises should benefit the development of our national economy and agree with at least one of the following criteria: the enterprises must adopt international advanced technology and facility; all or most of the products must be export-oriented. The foreign funded enterprises often take the form of limited liability.

4. Joint exploitation

Joint exploitation is the abbreviation of maritime and overland oil joint exploitation. It is a widely adopted measure of economic cooperation in the international natural resources field.The striking features are high risk， high investment and high reward. The joint development is often divided into three steps: exploitation， development and production.Compared with the other three means mentioned above， joint cooperation accounts for a small ratio.

5. Foreign-funded share-holding companies

Foreign companies， enterprises， other economic organizations and individuals can form foreign funded share-holding companies in China with Chinese companies， enterprises， and other economic organizations. The total capital of the share-holding company is formed by equal shares，shareholders will take due responsibilities for the company according to shares purchased;Company will take responsibilities for all its debts through all its assets and the Chinese and foreign shareholders will hold the shares of the company. Among them， the shares purchased and held by foreign investors account for more than 25% of the total registered capital of the company. Limited company can be founded either by means of starting-up or rising， and the limited liability company invested by the foreigners can also apply to turn into share-holding companies. The qualified enterprises can also apply to issue A B share and list abroad.

6. New types of foreign investment

While expanding areas and opening-up domestic market， China is also exploring and expanding actively its new types of utilizing foreign investment such as BOT， investment company and so on. Since multinational merger and acquisition has become the major type ofinternational direct investment， Chinese government is now researching and enacting related policies so as to facilitate the foreigners to invest in China by means of merger and acquisition.

II. China’s policy direction of absorption of foreign investment

We should hold up high the flag of Deng Xiaoping Theory， follow the requirement of three representatives， center on the principles and policies of our nation’s economic and social development determined at the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China， adapt to the new situation of world economic development， stick to the principles of active and reasonable utilization of foreign capital， combine foreign capital absorption with economic structure adjustment and industrial upgrading promotion， the improvement of socialist market economy system， the reinforcement of enterprise competitiveness， the expansion of export and development of open economy， the vigorous exploitation of China’s western area， and promotion of regional economies′ harmonious development. Measures should be taken to further improve the soft environment for foreign investment， explore actively new methods for absorbing foreign capital， put emphasis on absorbing advanced technologies， modern management and special talents， and actively absorb foreign capital to invest in industries of new and advanced technologies， encourage multinational to set up district headquarters， research and procurement centers; speed up the development of supporting industries and push on the service trade field to open up to foreign countries step by step.

1. Energetically improve the political and legal environment for foreign investment， and to enhance legal administration level. According to our commissions for joining WTO and the requirement for our opening-up process， we will further improve the legal system of absorbing foreign investment， keep on the steadiness， consistency， predictability and feasibility of the policies and laws of foreign investment laws， try to create a united， steady，transparent and predictable environment for foreign investment. We will further simplify the examination and approval procedures for foreign investment and adopt a standardized examination and approval system; reinforce our sense of legality， try to be open， just and transparent， and establish an incorruptible， industrious， pragmatic and effective government，creating a good administrative environment for foreign investment.

2. Maintain and improve an open and fair market environment. We should combine this with the current work of rectifying and standardizing the order of market economy， prohibit firmly the improper collecting fees from foreign companies as well as improper inspection and fine of them. Measures should be taken to destroy local protectionism and industrial monopoly.We should also enhance the lawful measures to protect the intellectual property right and take strong actions against illegal piracy， therefore， establish an open， unified and fair market environment， further perfect the complaining mechanism of foreign-funded and protect the legal rights of foreign merchants according to law.

3. Further open the field of service industry. In accordance with China’s self-development and Commitment to the WTO， we will open this field vigorously and steadily and systematically，perfect rules and regulations for service industry and formulate a united and standard system for accession into the market of foreign investment service. We will encourage the import of modern service concepts and advanced management experiences， technologies and modes of modern market operation， improve structure of service industry in China.

4. Encourage foreign businessmen to invest in the new high-tech industry， the basic industry，and supporting industry. The ability of technology innovation and sustainable development directly reflect the competitiveness advantages of a country. We will continue to encourage foreign investors to introduce， develop and innovate technology and to invest in technology-intensive project， and projects with advanced technology and to guide in enterprise registered capital proportion limitation and funding condition. The relevant stipulations of setting pioneering investment enterprise should also be consummated in order to facilitate the conditions of setting and developing high-tech corporations. We should attract foreigners to invest in supporting industry and encourage the localization of new materials， push domestic small and medium-sized enterprises to enforce cooperation with foreign companies and introduce the advanced and applicable technology to match the large foreign-funded enterprises，thus to enter the production and sales network of multinational companies.

5. Attract actively more multinational companies to invest in China. Multinational companies as leading force of today′s world economy. We will pay more attention to improve the relevant policies to attract multinationals to invest in China， establish the local headquarters and set up cross-country procurement centers. Using the experience and methods of merger and acquisition of other countries and taking the economical system with China’s characteristics and realities of into consideration， we should speed up the step to draft and improve the practical policy and stipulations of investment through merger and acquisition， further revise the relevant stipulations of the foreign-invested share-holding companies， push the formulation and perfecting of BOT and special permission transfer investment methods， the various stipulations for foreign-funded enterprise’s listing domestically and abroad.

6. Further promote foreign invest in the central and western regions. Vast areas in these regions are rich in resources for farming and stock raising， mineral resources and tourist resources. With a large population and a market of great potential labor forces， other key elements for production are relatively inexpensive with the steady progress and western development strategy， such facilities as transportation， communication and construction has impressively improved. Because of the improvement of investment environment and ecological development and emergence of potential for the development of specialty economy， foreign businessmen who invest in these regions are facing brand-new opportunities and great development space.

FDI to China should Remain Stable

By Jiang Wei

2006-07-19

第四题

写一封信给 SHALLY，包括以下几点内容：

1.ANNUAL DINNER的安排情况，细节。

2.能不能促进员工间的 COMMUNICATION?

3.今年的 EVENT和去年有什么不同?

Dear Shally，

I 'm glad to tell you the annual dinner impressed everyone greatly .XXX was invited as the preside of our annual activity and he's really humorous. At the annual dinner ，all young colleagues were in a same table ，at first ，we drunk beer， but a few minutes later ，the colleagues who come from north China felt it is better to use white wine instead of beer .

We then laughed and talked to each other and it's really a good way for communication，because after a year's hard working， it’s a great opportunity for us to relax， to share theexperience and to make our future plans.

The annual dinner this year is different from last year's –the delicious food ，red and white wine， we were singing and dancing together ，everyone is the super star that night， we don't need to wear formally like the working days and we all enjoyed the dinner very much.

Best wishes

Sincerely yours，

第五题

Report：图示题(考专业知识、某些行业数值的增长和趋势表述)

图表作文：观察图表的主题、意义，找差距——太细微的可以略掉(文中大致提及就可)，差距大的应做详细阐述。

结合题目要求以及差距找出原因，进行分析。要求：条理清晰，有理有据，观点鲜明，不人云亦云。给出一定的解决方案。不一定很个性，但要 practical。结尾可以给出自己的良好祝愿。

第六题

改错、填空(考词汇和语法，类似 CET-4、CET-6)

提醒一点是一个句号一个错误。

第七题

阅读理解

1.解释 surplus(20words)

The amount of money received is greater than the amount of money spent.

2. Price advantage (20words)

The advantage which is given by tariffs to the price of similar locally produced goods.

3.exorbitance造句

Moderate exorbitance of education is good for our country.

4.国外两个要求人民币升值的理由.

(1)The RMB exchange rate is too low， it was proposed that it should be fixed at one US dollar to 4.2 yuan.

(2)China's foreign exchange reserves are too high， the trade surplus has increased quickly.

5.中国政府为何自己也要升值?

(1)The RMB exchange rate has not been changed for too many years since 1994.

(2)According to the theory of international economics， RMB is undervalued.

最后提醒一点，要在卷子每一页的右上角写上自己的中文名字和申请的部门，草稿纸也写。别忘了，HR拼命的重复这点。如果没写的话，再找 HR，态度有点不善。

第一题：写封回信(150-200词)，包括以下内容：1.你认为如何提高上海 office和苏州 office之间的效率。2.北京的培训计划开展的怎样了?3.根据你设定的开展结果，你认为有没有必要在总部也开展同样的培训计划?

第二题：根据图表写一个报告(150-200词)，图是一个柱形图，是说四个时期的公司人员变动情况，分 management，administrative，production，HR四种 staff。HR数量基本不变，production一直在增加，administrative前两时期持平，后两时期持平，但后两时期要高于前两时期。management第一个时期很高，第二个时期大约降为第一时期的一半，以后均持平。

报告要包括以下内容：1.什么原因导致这些变化?2.有没有什么特别显著的变化?

3.这些变化对公司是好还是坏。

第三题是填空

第四题是改错

第五题是阅读理解：

是说中国玩具制造业的丑闻的，就是前段时间中国玩具被高调召回的事。中国采取了一些措施来加紧监督玩具制造业，而且中国认为国外的制造商也应该承担部分责任，因为有些产品设计和质量监察有问题。

2.解释“at the heart of”这个短语

3.用“scrutiny”造句;

4.如果中国政府不采取上述措施，中国经济将会怎样?

5.为什么说国外制造商也需要承担一部分的指责?